Xa uGregg Nome wayeneminyaka engama-24 ubudala, wangena kwisiphithiphithi esingaphantsi kwentlabathi waza waqalisa ukufuthaniselwa, umzimba wakhe wawugungqa kumlambo onesanti. Oko wakubonayo apho kwammangalisa. Ngaphandle kwandawo, umbono wakhe wawuzaliswe yimifanekiso ecacileyo kwasebutsheni bakhe, izihlandlo awayenazo, ubukhulu becala, akazange azikhumbule, kwaye emva kwemizuzu ukusuka ebuntwini obukhulu. Iinkumbulo, ukuba yile nto babeyibetha kwaye intsha. Ngaba sichanile xa sisithi wayebakhumbula? Hayi ncam. Beza ngesantya esiphezulu, phantse kwangaxeshanye, ngamaza. Kodwa wayekwazi ukuphatha wonke umntu ngokuzimeleyo. Inyaniso iya kuxelwa, wayenokhetho lokubona yonke into emjikelezileyo ukushukuma kwamanzi, ibhedi enesanti, yonke into yokugqibela yayo ngokumangalisayo. Wayesiva kwaye abone njengoko kungekho nalinye ixesha awaphinda waphonononga ngalo kamva. Ngaphezu koko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wayebanjwe entywiliselwe emanzini, wayeziva ezolile yaye ezolile. Wayecinga ukuba ngaphambi kwesi sihlandlo sesibini ubuchule bakhe busenokuba bumfiliba ngandlel’ ithile okanye ngenye indlela, ngenxa yokuba ngoku akukho mntu wayenokuliqonda ngokupheleleyo ihlabathi, mhlawumbi kwanokubaluleka kokwenene kwendalo iphela. Ekugqibeleni, isimboli asicacanga. Emva koko kwabakho uburhalarhume watsho kunye nokuziva ulibaziseko olufutshane olufana nento eza kwenzeka.
UNome wabalisa eli bali kwiqela labanyamekeli eConnecticut, ngowe-1985, kwiminyaka emine emva kwamava. Wayenyamezele, kodwa ngoku wayelindele ukufumana ukuba kutheni, ngexesha lemeko yonxunguphalo engaqhelekanga, ingqondo yakhe yenze ngendlela eyenze ngayo. Le ndibano ibiququzelelwe nguBruce Greyson, ngoku ongumfundisi-ntsapho ophumayo kwizifundo zengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseVirginia. (Inxalenye yabantu kuloo ndibano yasabela kwisibhengezo sikaGreyson esasikwiphepha laselumelwaneni.) Njengoko uNome wayethetha, uGreyson wahlala engqongwe ngabantu abangama-30 okanye ngaphezulu, ngokungathi wayekwintlanganiso ye-AA, ephulaphule ngenyameko, eshukuma.
UGreyson wayesele esazi ixesha elide ngezi ziganeko. Inyanga yokulungisa ingqondo yakhe, ngeminyaka yoo-1960, waye wachaswa sisigulana esasisithi siwushiyile umzimba waso” ngoxa wayengaboni nto kumandlalo wekliniki kaxakeka, nowathi kamva wanikela umfanekiso ochanekileyo weziganeko ezenzeke kwindawo yokulala. igumbi elinye. Oku kubonakala kubi kuye. Ndikhuliswe kwiyunithi yosapho enengqondo, utsho, ngaphezulu kweZoom. Utata wayesisazinzulu. Ukukhula, ihlabathi lokwenyani laliyinto yonke eyayikho. Waziva ukuba kukho umntu otyibilikise isigulana idatha. Wongeza wathi, Kuthetha ukuthini oko, ukushiya umzimba wakho?
Kangangexesha elide, wazama ukubeka irekhodi emva kwakhe, nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye wajongana neengxelo ezinamandla zabantu abadibana nezinye izihlandlo eziqhelekileyo, nokuba kuxa kubhengezwe ukuba bafile okanye bacinga ukuba bakufutshane nayo, ngaphambi kokuba balwe. ubuyele ebomini. Kwimpumelelo yowe-1975 ethi Life After Life, ingcaphephe uRaymond Moody, xa isinxulumani sikaGreyson's, wathiya le mifanekiso ibrashi yokufa, okanye iNDEs, igama elithe gqolo. Yenzekile kum umdla into yokuba esi yayisisigulane esinye kuphela, utshilo uGreyson. Yayingummangaliso oqhelekileyo. Wachukunyiswa ziimpawu zemiboniso kunye nemibuzo abayiphakamisayo kuquka eyona inkulu kuzo zonke: kwenzeka ntoni xa siluma uthuli? Ndingene, utsho. Ngapha koko, ndilapha, emva kweminyaka engama-50, ndizama ukuqonda.
UGreyson unama-74 ngeli xesha. Ngelixa xa sithetha, usekhaya eCharlottesville, eVirginia, ebambe ubhubhane kwihempe ecudiweyo neqhina, enobubele kwaye engeneka. Ukutyhubela ixesha elide, uqokelele iibrashi ezininzi ngokufa, uthi, nokuba kungabantu abathe, bekhumbula ukuphononongwa kwakhe, baye bangena kwiiakhawunti zabo, okanye kwizigulana eziye zagcina zinemiboniso kwikliniki yezonyango. Kwezo meko, umjikelo kaGreyson uphantse ulingane. uchopha ecaleni kwebhedi ethantamisa ekhupha idata. Uthi: “Ndiye ndibuze: ‘Yintoni le ungazange uyikhumbule ngaphambi kokuba ufe?’” utsho. “Ngelo xesha: 'Yintoni elandelayo oyikhumbulayo emva koko?' Kwaye ekugqibeleni: 'Yaye yintoni oyikhumbulayo phakathi kwezo zihlandlo? Ayinguye wonke umntu ophendula kakuhle kwimibuzo; abantu abaninzi bekhangele kuye bengenanto. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu uya kuthi, 'Zonke izinto ziqwalaselwe, uyazi, bendicinga ukuba ndibone utata wam, owakhaba ibhakethi kwiminyaka engama-20 ngaphambili,' kwaye ndithi, Ndifundiseni malunga naloo nto kwaye ndabayeka bahamba.
UGreyson ubonisa uphononongo lwakhe kwenye incwadi ethi, Emva, ethintelwa kukuqhubekeka kohlalutyo lomxholo. Iirekhodi zinamandla angaphezu kwawendalo, zifana nezo sizaziyo kwiTV nakwiincwadi, nangona kunjalo, kukho izifundo eziqhelekileyo. Emva kwempendulo eyoyikisayo kwi-sedation, esinye isigulana saphinda saphonononga ukuba ndibethelwe kwi-knoll, ingqondo icocekile, isimilo singenasiphako. I-glade, yaqhubeleka, yakhanyiswa kobu kukhanya buqaqambileyo, buqaqambileyo, obufana nokukhanya esingazange sikubone nangaliphi na ixesha, kunye nokubengezela okuthambileyo, okungaphakathi kwakhanya kwisityalo ngasinye. Uninzi lwemiboniso ibandakanya ukuthelekisa ukumangalisa, ukucaca kwengqondo, kunye nokonwaba, utshilo uGreyson. Amaqela ambalwa aphonononga ukudibana kwangaphandle komzimba, okanye ingxelo ehamba ngepaseji elide; abanye badibana nezinto abazigqala njengoThixo okanye uAllah okanye izalamane ezafa kudala; ixesha le-vibe lijija kwaye lijija, njengalo, lalibhetyebhetye. Ngesinye isihlandlo, ipolisa elaphantse lasweleka ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango labuza uGreyson. Ungayibonisa njani imeko yokungagugi, apho kungekho nto iqhubela phambili iqala ngenqaku elinye ukuya kwelilandelayo, apho ubukhulu becala bukhoyo, kwaye
Ibe yinxalenye kaGreyson njengengcali yokunyanga ukunika isithuba apho amava aziva elungile ukubalisa amabali angapheliyo nangona kunjalo nakweyiphi na imeko xa izigulana zifumana isibindi sokuzama, zinokulwa ukuze zifumane ulwimi oluchanekileyo. Xa ndincokola namava asondeleleneyo adlulayo, yenye yezinto eziphambili abazenzayo. 'Andikwazi ukuyichaza. Akunakwenzeka kwaphela ukunxibelelana ngale nto. Umntu owayedidekile wakha wamtyhilela ukuba xa ezama ukuhlolisisa izihlandlo, ndidla ngokuphosa amanqaku. Omnye ucacisile ukuba kunzima ukubonisa amava akhe kuba sihlala kwimilinganiselo emithathu, kwaye into ayibonileyo kumda phakathi kwabaphilayo kunye nokukhaba ibhakethi kubonakala kukhulu ngandlela thile. UGreyson ufumanise ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abantu baya kupeyinta okanye emculweni ukuze baphonononge amaxesha, ngokungathi ukubaluleka okucacileyo kunokwabelwana ngokungathethi. Nangona kunjalo, nayo iyasilela. Isifundo esikhe satyhilwa kuGreyson ukuba ukuphonononga ibrashi yakhe ngokufa kufana nokuzama ukuzoba ivumba ngeepensile ezinemibala, okanye, ngamanye amazwi, ngokusisiseko akunakwenzeka.
Ngenxa yokuba iibrashi ezinokufa zenzeka kunye nesaziso esithintelweyo, kunzima kakhulu ukuvavanya. Silawula ixesha elifutshane, utshilo uGreyson. Indadi iyabhaqwa intywiliselwe emanzini, uphahla luyawa kwisihlalo, umntu obukeleyo, ejonge phantsi emnxebeni wabo utshayiswa yimoto. Emva kokuba uGreyson eveza ukuba umsebenzi wakhe uhambelane nenkqubela phambili kwi-imaging ye-cerebrum, kubandakanya nophuhliso lweskena se-fMRI, ezinceda izazinzulu ngengqondo ngokuqaphela ukucinga kubomi bokwenyani. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezinjalo zifuna ukuhambelana: ilungiselelo lenziwe, isigulane siyavuma ukuma. Kwenzeka ntoni xa ukudibana kusenzeka ngamabona-ndenzile, kungekho kufutshane nekliniki yezonyango? Ungawubamba njani umzuzwana njengowexeshana kwaye ungachazwanga njengendawo yokubhubha ekufutshane?
Ngelixa ndibuza uGreyson ukuba sisiphi isizathu akhethe ukusasaza Emva ngoku, emva kwexesha elide kangaka, wacacisa ukuba kufuneka sime de sibe nolwazi olwaneleyo malunga neebrashi ezinokufa ukuze sibe nenketho yokuqonda okwenzekayo, apho akathethi ukuba siyaqonda ukuba yintoni i-NDEs, kodwa kunokuba i-propels kwisayensi iye yasivumela ukuba sithintele umthwalo wezinto ezingezizo ngokuqinisekileyo. Kukho uqikelelo lwe-physiological olubonakala ngathi lunokucingeleka ngokwengqondo uthi, nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye obambeleyo. Ngaba izinto ezenziweyo ezizivayo, ezifana neeendorphins, ziziswa emzimbeni ngokomngcipheko, zenza uvuyo? Ngaba ingqondo iyagcinwa kwioksijini, ibangela amaphupha abonakalayo okwenene? Ngaba imimandla eyahlukeneyo ye-cerebrum ngokungalindelekanga iqala ukusebenza kumboniso ukwenza izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ezilungisiweyo? Akukho mntu waziyo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Siyaqhubeka sicinga, Kuhle kufanele ukuba kube oku, utshilo uGreyson. Hayi, ulwazi alubonisi oko. Enkosi, ngelo xesha? Ewe, hayi, ulwazi alubonisi ukuba zonke izinto ziqwalaselwe.
KwiDyunivesithi yaseKentucky, ingcali yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo uKevin Nelson, othe, njengoGreyson, udlule iminyaka erekhoda ii-NDEs njengohlobo lwe-scholastic side-gig, ujonga ukudibana nokuxubana kweemeko ezimbini zokuthathela ingqalelo kunye nokuphumla kwe-REM ngexesha. yomngcipheko ongakholelekiyo womzimba okanye onomdla kwaye uthi uninzi lwee-NDEs zifana nephupha, ezikhoyo kumda we-neurological. (Ukwenza umnyama, wongezelela, kunokufikelela kwiindibano ezifaniswayo.) Ezinye iingcali, kuquka ingcali yenkqubo ye-nervous engasekhoyo u-Oliver Sacks, baye baqwalasela i-NDEs ngeengcamango ezididayo ngokumangalisayo ingcamango yokuba, ukuba akukho nto yimbi, ibonakala ngathi iyavunywa ngokwentlalo.
Ngelixa uGreyson echaza uvavanyo lwakhe kwizinxulumani zakhe, ufumana “iimpendulo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezivela, 'Ngaba uyaphambana?' kuThamsanqa mandikukhanyisele malunga nokufa kwam. Ukwenza uphando lwe-NDE lube sesikweni ngeminyaka yoo-1980, wenza isifundo, iGreyson Scale, eguqulelwe kwiilwimi zezizwana ezingaphezu kwama-20 ekusasetyenziswayo. (Ngaba ngequbuliso wabonakala ufumene yonke into? Ngaba uye waziva unesivumelwano okanye ubambiswano kunye nendalo iphela?) Kwaye isasazwe ngokubanzi kwiidayari zekliniki ezithathwayo. Ukanti, unokuba neengcamango ezintsonkothileyo. Emva koko, uGreyson uvakalisa ukuba ndinikel' ingqalelo kumathuba okuba ii-NDEs zamkelwe ngotshintsho lokwenyani kwi-cerebrum nangona kunjalo uyavuma ukuba ingqondo inokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kuyo. Kukho iingxelo zabantu abadibana neziganeko ezikufutshane zokubhubha ngelixa ii-cerebrums zabo zilele, utshilo, kwaye le yeyona ndawo bathi banamava ahlukileyo obomi babo. Oku akuvakali kulungile kuye. Ubukhulu becala, nangona kunjalo ingxoxo yethu, uyabuza Ngaba ezi ziziqwengana zokugqibela zolwazi? Okanye ke kwakhona izifinyezo zokuqala zamaphakade?
Olu hlobo loqikelelo lubeka uGreyson kumhlaba ongazinzanga phakathi kweengcali ze-neuroscientists, ezithi zivumelane ne-psyche ukuba ibe sisiphumo sengqondo. Emva koku, uNelson wandicebisa Eli tyala lelona libalaseleyo kwisayensi, kwaye akukho siko singasathethi ke ngokungaqhelekanga, ubungqina obunengqiqo ukuyinceda. (Wongezelela Le yimibandela yokuzithemba. Iingxowa ezibizwa ngokuba ngamabango anjengala achasene nesayensi. UDaniel Kondziella, ingcali yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo enxulumene necandelo lenzululwazi yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwiSibhedlele seYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen, wandichazela ukuba ukuba abantu banokubonisa kwaye baxele ukudibana kwabo, kunye neminyaka emininzi emva kwenyani ngelo xesha ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo zilungiswe yingqondo kwaye zibekwe kwiindawo zayo zememori NjengoNelson, u-Kondziella uthemba i-NDEs ngandlela-thile zichongwa ngokuphumla kwe-REM.
UGreyson uyaqonda ukuba iimeko zokufa kunzima ukuziqinisekisa. “Asinakukwazi ukuhlolisisa uthixo othi, ngokungqongqo. Nangona kunjalo, ucinga ukuba kunzulu ukuthethelela uqikelelo oluncinci, nokuba ulwazi alukho. Xa ndimbuza ukuba leliphi ilungiselelo lakhe lobukrelekrele ngoku, ukhangeleka enikezele. Kubonakala ngathi imiselwe kum ukuba i-psyche yindlela enye okanye enye eyahlukileyo kwi-cerebrum, utsho, kwaye, ukuba oko kusemthethweni, mhlawumbi inokusebenza xa i-cerebrum idlula. wongezelela, Nangona kunjalo xa ubuchopho bungekho engqondweni, apho kulungile? Kwakhona, liliphi ilungelo?
Iibrashi zokufa aziyonto imangalisayo. USocrates wabenza bavumelana, noPlato; UPliny Omdala wabhala enye (kwinkulungwane yokuqala); Imbali izaliswe ziziganeko zabemi basentabeni bekhubeka besuka kumabhodlo baze bafumana uvuyo oluchasene nokoyika. Nangona kunjalo, sibonakala sonwabile ngoku ngokubaluleka kwawo njengoko nabani na enokucinga, kwaye ahlala efafazwa ngesisa kulo lonke uluntu oluqhelekileyo.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, umntwana wam oneminyaka emine ubudala kunye nam sabukela uMphefumlo, ifilimu yeDisney, eqhelanisa ibhrashi ngokufa nesinye isihlwele, ulutsha, kwaye ihlola ulwazi, emva koku, kunye nezinto ezingacacanga ezisenzayo. (Umntwana wam uyacengeka ekubeni xa sikhaba ibhakethi sikhwela umkhenkethi opholileyo, okhangeleka epholile kakhulu esiya kukukhanya okumfamekisayo esibhakabhakeni.) Ngokufuthi kwezi zihlandlo zisekelwe kwiscreen, siyabongozwa ukuba siwancome amabali aqhubela phambili ukuphila ngendlela efanelekileyo. , eya kuthi, ngokubanzi, ibandakanye ukuxabisa kunye nokunyamezela umzuzwana ngamnye ukuba yintoni kwaye ngononophelo ukubeka udibaniso kunye nokudibanisa phezu kokufuna amandla okanye udumo okanye iimveliso eziphathekayo. (Xa sithetha ngokucokisekileyo, eli licebo loMphefumlo.) Uninzi lwethu aluphili ngolo hlobo, kungekuphela nje kodwa ke siba nemvakalelo ebesifanele siyenze, ukuba siwachithe amandla ethu axabisekileyo kwesi sijikelezi-langa. Esi seso sizathu sokuba amabali akufutshane okubhubha asithande, kwaye kutheni ezingisa njengezihlandlo zomdla kwindlela yobomi. Bayabuza: “Ubunokulawula njani ubomi bakho ukuba ubunokufumana elinye ithuba? KuGreyson, ifuthe leebhrashi zokufa ezinabo kubomi bomntu ibe sesona sityhilelo sakhe simangalisayo. “Ndifumana imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula amatyala ngokuzama ukunceda abantu ukuba bazitshintshe ngokupheleleyo,” utshilo. Kunzima ukwenza.
Nokuba yeyiphi na imeko, apha ndifumene ukudibana, ngamanye amaxesha ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, okutshintshe kakhulu iingqondo zabantu, iimpawu, iinkolelo kunye nezenzo. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi nkqubela ziqhubeka kwiminyaka emininzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abanamava bayavuma ukuba akunjalo, ngeli xesha bayathandabuza ukukhaba ibhakethi, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu indlela abaqhuba ngayo ubomi babo njengoko ulahlekelwa kukoyika ubomi nawe awoyiki ukuthatha umngcipheko. UGreyson ngamanye amaxesha ucela ukuba abantu babonise abo bahamba nabo ngamaxesha athile, kwaye baya kuthi, 'Ngokuqinisekileyo, lo ayingomntu endatshata naye; lo ngumntu owahlukileyo. Wongezelela ngelithi, “Babona isizathu ebomini ababengazange basibone ngaphambili. Andazi ngayo nayiphi na enye into engakholelekiyo.
Ndicela imodeli. Ndiye ndathetha nabantu ababengamapolisa, utsho, okanye amagosa omkhosi obizo, abangakwaziyo ukubuyela kwizikhundla zabo, abakwazanga ukumelana nobundlobongela obunokwenzeka. Ndiyabuza ukuba kutheni. Lisikizi kuye ukwenzakalisa umntu. Unyusa amagxa. Baqukumbela ukuya kwiminxeba yokuncedisa. Baba ngabahlohli, okanye abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwezonyango, okanye iingcali zentlalo.
Ndibuza ukuba ingaba uvavanyo lukaGreyson luyitshintshile na indlela acinga ngayo.
Andikholelwa ukuba lunditshintshile unxulumano lwam nabanye, uthi, ngaphandle nje koko lundenze ndanyamezela, ndavuleleka ngakumbi kwiingcamango ezingaqhelekanga. Njengonyango uhlala ekhumbula ukuba maniacal nangona kunjalo, utshilo. Ndiyinyamezela ngakumbi imizobo engaqhelekanga engeyompambano, kwaye indenze ndanesazela ngakumbi ngezinto ezingacacanga.
Ndikhule ndingenalo uhlobo lwesiseko sehlabathi, uyaqhubeka. Andiqinisekanga ukuba ndiyaqonda ukuba zeziphi iindlela zehlabathi. Ndiye ndeyisekile ngoku, emva kokwenza oku iminyaka engama-40, engama-50, ukuba kukho enye into ebomini ngaphandle nje kwemizimba yethu yokwenyani. Ndiyabona ukuba kukho into engeyiyo eyenyani kuthi. Ngaba oko kunzulu? Andaz. Ukuphila kwelinye ilizwe ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukufuna ukhetho olunokuthi luphawuleke ngakumbi kunawe, ngokubaluleka kunye nokuqiqa kwindalo yonke. Zonke izinto ziqwalaselwe, ngokuqinisekileyo ndinayo loo nto.
