Ukubuyela kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, uvavanyo lwesoftware lugxile kuphela ekufumaneni iimpazamo kwimveliso yedijithali. Eyona njongo yayikukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.
Namhlanje, uvavanyo lwesoftware lugubungela umfanekiso omkhulu wenkqubo yophuhliso lwemveliso.
Kodwa kanjani?
Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwe-automation belusoloko luphambili kuvavanyo lwesoftware. Ishishini lovavanyo lwesoftware liqikelelwa ukuba liza komelela nangakumbi kunokuba lenze kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zamva nje zovavanyo lwe-automation.
Ingxelo ye-GlobeNewswire icebisa ukuba imakethi yovavanyo lwe-automation yehlabathi iya kukhula nge-USD 28.8 yebhiliyoni ngo-2024. Kufuneka uhlale usexesheni malunga neendlela zamva nje zovavanyo lwe-automation ukuze uhlale ufanelekile kwindawo yovavanyo ehlala itshintsha.
Ngendlela yokutshintsha-ekhohlo, abavavanyi babhala iimeko zovavanyo nangaphambi kokuba imfuno ichazwe ngokucacileyo, kwaye uvavanyo lwaqhubeka luhambelana nophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, indlela ye-shift-right ivumela iimveliso ukuba zivavanywe, zihlolwe, kwaye zihlaziywe kwiindawo zemveliso kunokuba zigqithise ngokupheleleyo uxanduva lwemveliso kwiqela le-Ops.
Yintoni uVavanyo oluzenzekelayo?
Ukwenziwa kovavanyo oluzenzekelayo kubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kwesoftware eyahlukileyo kwisoftware eza kuvavanywa ukulawula iinkqubo zokwenziwa kovavanyo kunye nokuthelekisa iziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo lwehlabathi lokwenyani ukuya kwiziphumo eziqikelelweyo. Inkqubo yovavanyo esesikweni esele isekiwe inokwenza iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo zisebenze ngakumbi, zenze iimvavanyo ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zenziwe ngesandla, okanye zigqibezele imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo kunye nokuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo kunokufezekiswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa i-automation.
Ungaphinda ufake idatha yovavanyo kwiSofthiwe yoVavanyo oluzenzekelayo, iziphumo xa kuthelekiswa nokulindelweyo, kwaye emva koko uvelise iziphumo ezichanekileyo kunye neengxelo ezineenkcukacha. Iindleko ezinxulumene ne-Automation Testing Software zinkulu.
Kuya kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olufanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuyo yonke imijikelo yophuhliso elandelelanayo. Kuyenzeka ukurekhoda le suite yovavanyo kwaye uyidlale kwakhona ukuba kuyimfuneko usebenzisa izixhobo zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo njengeLambdaTest
Ngale ndlela, umntu unokuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo i-suite yovavanyo ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka komntu. Kuya kuba yindleko ngakumbi ukwenza uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo. I-automation kufuneka inciphise inani leemeko zovavanyo ekufuneka uziqhube ngesandla, ungaluphelisi uvavanyo lwezandla.
Kutheni le nto uVavanyo oluzenzekelayo ludume kangaka?
Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lunokukunceda unciphise umjikelo wengxelo yakho kwaye uqinisekise imveliso yakho ngokukhawuleza ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ophuhliso. I-automation yovavanyo iluncedo ngexesha lesigaba sophuhliso kuba ikuvumela ukuba ubone iingxaki okanye iibugs kwangoko, oko kwandisa ukusebenza kweqela.
Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo luneenzuzo ezininzi kuvavanyo lwezandla, njengokukwazi ukubaleka iimvavanyo, ngokungaguquguqukiyo, kunye nokufunwayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isoftware isasebenza njengoko yenze njalo iba yinto elula. Ukusetyenziswa kwezenzo ezifana nophuhliso oluqhutywa kuvavanyo (TDD) kunye nophuhliso oluqhutywa ngokuziphatha (BDD) ukwenza uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lwe-automation lunokubangela umgangatho ongcono wekhowudi kunye noyilo olungcono. Makhe sihlole izibonelelo zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo:
- Ikhawulezisa inkqubo yonikezelo
- Yandisa umgangatho
- Inegalelo kunikezelo oluqhubekayo
- Iqinisekisa ukuzithemba kwisoftware yokomeleza ngokukhawuleza
- Ivumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba bavavanye kwaye baqinisekise uzinzo lwekhowudi yabo ebophelelayo besebenzisa iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo
Umbhobho wophuhliso lwesoftware oluzenzekelayo lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kumaqela:
- Ngaphandle kwe-automating tasks, umbhobho ukwashenxisa umsebenzi wezandla obiza imali eninzi, oneempazamo.
- Ngenxa yokuba amalungu eqela amatsha akufuneki afunde uphuhliso oluntsonkothileyo kunye nemeko yovavanyo, anokuqalisa kwaye abe nemveliso ngokukhawuleza.
- Amaqela angabona nayiphi na ikhowudi engafanelekanga ukuhanjiswa kwaye emva koko ayala ngokukhawuleza kwaye anike ingxelo.
Isantya sokusasazwa kweSoftware ngoVavanyo oluzenzekelayo
Udinga izixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye nezakhelo ukwenza owona mbhobho wokuhambisa ulula. Ukuqwalasela inani lezixhobo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwi-automation yabo, kuqhelekile ukugcina umbhobho usebenzisa iqela elizinikeleyo labantu abalijongayo kunye nokugcina. Uninzi lwemibhobho yonikezelo oluzenzekelayo lubandakanya ubuncinci bezixhobo ezingezantsi:
Izixhobo zolawulo lwekhowudi yomthombo ziquka ukuguqulwa kunye neGit.
- Izixhobo zokwakha ziquka iimbovane, iMake, iMaven, kunye neGradle.
- Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI) umncedisi: I-Travis-CI kunye neJenkins yimizekelo.
- Izixhobo ezininzi zikhoyo zokulawula uqwalaselo, njenge-Ansible, SaltStack, Chef, kunye nePuppet.
- I-IBM UrbanCode Deploy, iBamboo, kunye neChef ziphakathi kwezixhobo zokusasazwa kunye nokubonelela.
- Kukho izikhokelo zovavanyo ezintathu eziphambili: xUnit, Behave, kunye neSelenium. Isakhelo ngasinye senzelwe ulwimi oluthile lokuprograma.
Kukho kwakhona ngokuqhelekileyo indawo yokugcina izinto zakudala ezigciniweyo kwimibhobho, equka iibhinari kunye nokufaka iipakethi eziphuhliswayo ngexesha lokwakha. Ezi zinto zinokuqokelelwa okanye zigcinwe kolu vimba.
Uhambo oluKhawulezayo lweNdlela yokuSebenzisa ngaphandle kweeBhugs
Ukwakha iProjekthi eNtsha
Izixhobo zokudityaniswa okuqhubekayo (CI) ziqhuba uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo ezimbalwa ze-industry-standard izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo asinangxaki kunye neempazamo. Uvavanyo luqhutywa ngalo lonke ixesha isicelo sakhiwe. Kuya kufuneka ulandelele ulwakhiwo olungaphumelelanga ngengxelo yengxelo yebug kwaye uchonge izizathu zokusilela. Ngenxa yoko, iqela lingalungisa ikhowudi ngexesha elifutshane.
Ukulawula ukukhutshwa
Uguqulelo kunye nemephu yolwakhiwo oluyimpumelelo lwenziwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokukhupha. Ezi zikhutshiweyo zithweswe izidanga ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngokwenkqubo yombutho. Ngokubhekiselele kulawulo lokukhululwa, uphuhliso, isiteji, kunye neendawo zemveliso zezona ziqhelekileyo. Xa izizathu ezingaphawulwanga zithintela ukukhutshwa okutsha ukuba kuhambelane omnye nomnye, indawo yokugcina yokugcina isebenza njengesisombululo sokulinda. Amashishini anokubuyisela umva kwinguqulelo yangaphambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye aqhubeke nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukusasazwa ngokuqhubekayo
Ixesha lokuqhawula kunye nexesha lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa ngalunye lincitshisiwe. Ngenxa yoko, kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzithemba malunga nomgangatho wokuthunyelwa, kwaye isicwangciso sokubuyela umva sihlala sikhona kwimeko yesiganeko esibi. Kwi-CD, indima yomphathi woqwalaselo izenzekela ngokupheleleyo ngeeseti zekhowudi.
Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba indawo entsha ifuneka, iziseko zophuhliso njengeKhowudi ye-IAC isasazwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye iyasebenza. Oku kunika abalawuli benkqubo ukuzithemba okukhulu kwiindawo zabo kunye nokusasazwa kwekhowudi. Ngexesha lokusasazwa okanye ukonyusa, akusayi kuphinda kubekho zindawo ezaphukileyo okanye amaphupha amabi malunga nokubuyisela umva. Ukunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa kunye nokuphuculwa kwesalathisi sokwaneliseka kwabaxhasi yimiphumo yonke.
Izixhobo zokuvavanya ezizenzekelayo ezifana neLambdaTest ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okusemgangathweni kweeprojekthi ngexesha elincinci ngelixa zinciphisa iinzame kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Qhagamshelana neengcali zethu kwangoko ukuba ungathanda uncedo olongezelelweyo ukuze ufumane oku okokuqala.
Amaqokobhe enathi
Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana impendulo kwiifitsha ezisanda kuphuhliswa ngaphandle kovavanyo oluzenzekelayo. Ukuzenzekela kwenkqubo yakho yovavanyo kukunceda unciphise umjikelo wengxelo kwaye unikeze uqinisekiso olukhawulezayo lwemveliso yakho, okukhokelela kwixesha elikhawulezayo lokuthengisa. Ukuvavanya i-automation iluncedo ngakumbi kuba inokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki okanye iibugs kwangethuba kwinkqubo yophuhliso, nto leyo eyenza iqela lisebenze ngakumbi.
Iqela lakho lonke liya kuqinisekisa ezimbalwa zeempawu zakho ezisanda kuphuhliswa xa usenza inkqubo yakho yovavanyo. Oku kukwanceda ngonxibelelwano namanye amasebe, njengokuthengisa, ukuyila, okanye abanini bemveliso abaxhomekeke kwiziphumo zovavanyo. Iilogi ezivela kwiimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo zinokujongwa kwaye zihlalutywe ngokulula ngala masebe.
Izixhobo zokuvavanya i-Selenium zidlala indima ebalulekileyo malunga nokuba isicwangciso sovavanyo siphumelele okanye asiphumeleli kwaye ngoko kuya kwenza okanye kuphule impumelelo yesicwangciso sovavanyo. Ukusuka kuphuhliso ukuya kwimveliso, kunye nesixhobo sokuvavanya esifanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo esebenzayo ye-DevOps, inkqubo iya kuhamba kakuhle.
