Amashishini adibeneyo (JVs) sisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kuphuhliso lwezindlu, ezidibanisa amaqela amaninzi ukudibanisa izixhobo, ukwabelana ngomngcipheko, kunye nokwenza imali kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Ngelixa ezi ntsebenziswano zinokuba nengeniso, zikwajongene nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi xa kutyhutyha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ukunyuka kweendleko kulwakhiwo, abasebenzi, okanye inkxaso-mali kudla ngokuvavanya ukuqina kwezivumelwano ze-JV kwaye kuqaqambise imfuneko yomgaqo-nkqubo ochanekileyo.
Kubantu abajonga izisombululo zezindlu, imfuno ye Iirenti eToronto ibonisa indlela iziphumo zophuhliso ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo unikezelo lwemarike. Ukugqithisa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kumashishini adibeneyo kunokulibazisa iiprojekthi, ukuguqula amaxesha okuhanjiswa, okanye ukutshintshwa kwezinto ekujoliswe kuzo, ekugqibeleni kube nefuthe ekufumanekeni kweemarike zokurenta kunye nobunini ngokufanayo.
Iimbangela zoKugqithiswa koHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali
Ukugqithisa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kumashishini adibeneyo kunokuvela kwizinto ezininzi ezibandakanya:
- Iindleko zokwakha: Ukunyuka kweendleko zemathiriyeli kunye nezabasebenzi zisoloko zingunobangela wokunyuka kwamaxabiso eendleko.
- Ulibaziseko olulawulayo: Imvume, utshintsho lwezowuni, okanye imiba yokuthotyelwa ngokuqhelekileyo iyakwandisa amaxesha kunye nokwandisa iindleko.
- Utshintsho loyilo: Uhlengahlengiso olucelwe ngabachaphazelekayo okanye olufunekayo ukuhlangabezana neekhowudi zokwakha lunokwandisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
- Iimeko ezingalindelekanga: Ukulungiswa kokusingqongileyo, ukungazinzi komhlaba, okanye imiba yesakhiwo efunyenwe ngexesha lokwakha.
Ngamnye kule mingcipheko kufuneka ilindelwe kwiikontrakthi ze-JV ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugqithisa akuphazamisi intsebenziswano.
Ukwabelwa ngokusemthethweni koMngcipheko
Undoqo wokuphatha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olugqithileyo lulele kwindlela izivumelwano ze-JV ezaba ngayo umngcipheko. Ngokwesiqhelo, izivumelwano zibalula ulungelelwaniso lwezibophelelo ezisekelwe kwiipesenti zobunini. Umzekelo, ukuba iqabane elinye libambe i-equity ye-60%, banokuba noxanduva lwe-60% yeendleko ezingaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iikhontrakthi zisenokwabela uxanduva olusekelwe kwiindima, ezifana nokubamba uxanduva lomphathi wokwakha ngokunyuka kweendleko ezinxulumene nokusebenza.
Ulwimi olucacileyo lwekhontrakthi lubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwayo, iingxabano zinokukhula zibe yimbambano, zibeke esichengeni iprojekthi kunye nobudlelwane botyalo-mali.
Amayeza kunye noSombululo lweeMbano
Xa ukugqithisa kusenzeka, amaqabane e-JV axhomekeke kunyango lwekhontrakthi efana nale:
- Iminxeba enkulu: Ukufuna iqabane ngalinye ukuba linikele ngemali eyongezelelweyo ngokomlinganiselo wobunini babo.
- Ukuxhasa ngeMali kweTyala: Ukufuna imali-mboleko eyongezelelweyo yokuhlawula iintsilelo, nangona oku kunokunciphisa imbuyekezo.
- Ukunikezelwa kwakhona koMdla: Ukuvumela amahlakani anikelayo ukuba anyuse amanani eequity kutshintshiselwano lokuhlawula ngaphezulu.
Iindlela zokusombulula ingxabano, kubandakanywa nolamlo kunye nolamlo, zihlala zibandakanyiwe kwizivumelwano ze-JV. Ezi ndlela zokumangala zinceda ukulawula iingxabano ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcina ubudlelwane ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba iiprojekthi ziyaqhubeka.
Imisebenzi yeFiduciary kunye noLawulo
amaqabane JV banetyala fiduciary imisebenzi ukwenza ngokholo, ukusebenzisa unonophelo olufanelekileyo, kwaye uphephe ukuzithengisa. Ukungaphumeleli ukuxela ngokufanelekileyo ukonyuka kweendleko okanye iinzame zokushenxisa ityala ngokungafanelekanga kunokubangela ukuba kufakwe amabango okophulwa komsebenzi wokuthembeka. Izigqeba zolawulo, ezifana neekomiti zolawulo ezidibeneyo, zibonelela ngolongamelo kunye noxanduva lokuphendula, ukunciphisa ukubakho kweengxabano ezikhulayo.
Izibophelelo zokunika ingxelo ezineenkcukacha-iingxelo zemali zenyanga, iingxelo zomahluko, kunye noqikelelo lokuqukuqela kwemali - nazo zongeza ukungafihli. Ezi mfuno ziqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqabane ayazi ngokugqithwa okukhulayo kwaye anokwenza izigqibo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
I-Inshurensi kunye nokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko
Iimveliso ze-inshorensi, ezinje ngengozi yomakhi okanye i-inshurensi yokusilela konokontraka, ibonelela ngokhuseleko olungaphelelanga ekugqithiseni okubangelwe ziimeko ebezingalindelekanga okanye ukusilela konokontraka. Iibhondi zokusebenza kunye neziqinisekiso nazo zinokuthomalalisa ukuvezwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iikontraka ziyawugqiba umsebenzi kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ekuvunyelwene ngalo.
Ukongeza, amagatya ekhontrakthi afuna ukugcinwa okungalindelekanga okanye i-caps ekunyusweni kweendleko ezivumelekileyo abonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Ezi ndlela zikhuthaza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhawulezileyo nokudala izithinteli ngokuchasene nokuguquguquka.
Iimpembelelo zoMgaqo-nkqubo neMarike
Njengoko iimarike zokwakha ziya ziguquguquka ngakumbi ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukuphazamiseka kwikhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo banokungenelela ngemimiselo elawula ukubhengezwa kweendleko, ukucaca kwekhontrakthi, okanye inkxaso yenkxaso-mali. La manyathelo ajolise ekunciphiseni imingcipheko ethwalwa ngabathengi nabarentayo xa iiprojekthi zijongene nobunzima bezemali.
Kumakethi, ukugqithiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunokulibazisa ukufumaneka kwezindlu ezirentwayo, kutyhalela phambili amaxesha okubonelela kwaye kuchaphazele ukufikeleleka. Kwizixeko ezinjengeToronto, apho imfuno yerenti iqhubeka ikhula, ukuphathwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-JV overruns kudlala indima ethe ngqo ekubumbeni ubume bezindlu.
Iingcinga Final
Ukugqithiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali yingozi ekhoyo kwindibaniselwano yezindlu nezindlu. Impembelelo yazo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela iikhontrakthi ezaba ngayo umngcipheko, zinyanzelise imisebenzi yokuthembeka, kwaye zibonelele ngezisombululo kwiingxabano. Ulawulo olomeleleyo, ukhuseleko lwe-inshorensi, kunye nokunikwa kwengxelo elubala kubalulekile ekudambiseni le mingcipheko. Njengoko iindleko zophuhliso ziqhubeka ziguquguquka, izivumelwano ze-JV ezicwangcisiweyo ngononophelo zihlala zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iiprojekthi ziqhubela phambili ngaphandle kokubeka engozini ukuzinza kwezomthetho okanye kwezemali.
