Ngaba uyazi ukuba inkqubo yonyulo lokunyula umongameli wase-US iye yavela njani ngexesha? Kwakukho ixesha apho babembalwa abantu ababenokukhetha inkokeli yelizwe. Kodwa ngoku, izinto zitshintshile, kwaye wonke umntu unokuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo kwaye akhethe umgqatswa ofanelekileyo welizwe labo.
Ngombono wokubheja kunyulo, uhambo lokunyula umongameli wase-US lutshintshe ngokupheleleyo. 2024 ukubheja konyulo lwase-USA ibumba ikamva lonyulo ngokuyiphawula njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimbali etyebileyo. Yazi ngakumbi ngonyulo lukaMongameli wase-US ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Iminyaka yokuqala
Ngo-1789, kwabanjwa unyulo lokuqala lwase-US, apho uGeorge Washington wonyulwa njengenkokeli yelizwe. Ngelo xesha, iNkqubo yeKholeji yoNyulo yayikhona eyayibeka esichengeni iziphumo phakathi kokuvota kwabantu kunye nonyulo lweCongress. Ekuqaleni, amadoda amhlophe awayenemihlaba ayenokuvota kuphela. Ngelo xesha, ukuvota kwakunqongophele, yaye kwakhethwa inkokeli ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuvela kwamaQela ezoPolitiko
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, amaqela ezopolitiko aqala ukwenza, kuquka amaRiphabhlikhi kunye namaFederalalists. Kwiminyaka embalwa, inkqubo yonyulo yatshintshela kwidemokhrasi. Amalungelo okuvota nawo anda ukusuka kumadoda amhlophe ukuya kubaphulaphuli abaninzi.
Akuzange kuqwalaselwe ubunini bomhlaba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaphuhliswa inkqubo yamaqela amabini. Ngo-1828, amaqela edemokhrasi abambe unyulo, kwaye u-Andrew Jackson wonyulwa.
Imfazwe Yomphakathi
Kwimbali yase-US, ixesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya lalibaluleke kakhulu. Xa uAbraham Lincoln wonyulwa ngowe-1860, oko kwakhokelela kwiMfazwe Yombango. Yathi yakuphela imfazwe, uhlengahlengiso lwe-15 lwamkelwa ngo-1870, olwanika amalungelo abantu abamnyama baseMelika ukuba bavote. Ixesha lokwakha lahlala liqhubela phambili ngenxa yemithetho kaJim Crow. Yalisusa ilungelo lokuvota kubantu abamnyama iminyaka emininzi.
I-Suffrage yabasetyhini Ngexesha leProgressive Period
Ukuqala kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwakujongwa njengeProgressive period, apho kwaqaliswa uhlaziyo lonyulo. Ngenxa yoLungiso lwe-17, unyulo oluthe ngqo lwavunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kwiisenenja. Ngo-1920, ngokomthetho we-19, abafazi bafumana amalungelo okuvota. Yayilutshintsho olukhulu olwalujamelene nelizwe. Esi sigqibo sayitshintsha ngokutsha ezopolitiko zase-US.
Indima yokuBheja kuNyulo lokuNyula uMongameli
Amalungelo okuvota anikwa uluntu asoloko etshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuthetha ngendima yokubheja ngelixa kuqhutywa unyulo asiyonto intsha. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18, ibiyinxalenye yezopolitiko. Ngexesha lonyulo lukaLincoln, abantu babebheja kubaviwa abohlukeneyo kwimivalo nakwezinye iindawo zikawonkewonke. Abantu abaninzi babheja imali yabo kuLincoln kwaye babheja ngamathuba akhe okuphumelela.
E-US, ukubheja kusemthethweni ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1800. Kodwa ngoku, unyulo lukamongameli ngokubheja luye lwavela. Amaqonga amakhulu ayafumaneka ukuze abaphulaphuli bavotele umgqatswa wabo abathandayo. Ngo-2020, kwabonwa ukuvota kunye nokubheja kwezigidi zeedola kunyulo. Ibonisa amaphulo anamhlanje kunye nemvelo yawo engalindelekanga.
Ixesha langoku
Inkqubo yonyulo yase-US itshintshe kakhulu emva kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ngenxa yoMthetho wokuvota ka-1965, ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga lwapheliswa, nto leyo eyavumela abantu abamnyama baseMelika ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwaye bavote. Ngo-1971, i-26th Amendment yagunyazisa kwaye yanciphisa iminyaka yokuvota ukusuka kwi-21 ukuya kwi-18. Izise amathuba okuba abavoti abancinci bathathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zonyulo.
Ulonyulo lwangoku
Kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo, inkqubo yonyulo lokukhetha umongameli welizwe iye yantsonkotha kakhulu. Badlala indima enkulu yobugcisa ekuqhubeni unyulo lowayesakuba ngumongameli wase-US ngokutyibilikayo nangokuchaneka. Kunyulo lwe-2000, kwakukho ukhuphiswano olusondeleyo phakathi kuka-Al Gore noGeorge Bush.
Ekugqibeleni, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yazisa iziphumo zolonyulo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo esi siganeko samva nje, iivoti zokungena zisetyenziselwe ukuqhuba unyulo ngexesha lobhubhane. Ngelo xesha, imarike yokubheja yayisebenza kakhulu, ibonisa umdla wehlabathi lonke wokwazi umphumo.
Iingcinga Final
Imbali etyebileyo yolonyulo lukamongameli e-USA yaqhubela phambili kancinci ukuya kwidemokhrasi. Isizwe siye saguqukela kubuchule bokuvota obuguqukayo nobukrelekrele. Ekuqaleni, kuphela inani elilinganiselweyo lamadoda anezakhiwo anokuvota. Kodwa ngoku, amalungelo okuvota anikwe abantu abamnyama baseMelika, abafazi kunye nabahlali abancinci.
Wonke umntu angavotela umgqatswa amthandayo kwaye amenze inkokeli yesizwe. Uhambo lonyulo ludlule kwizigaba ezininzi kwaye lusaqhubeka nokuhamba kwexesha. Ukubheja kwiziphumo zonyulo yinto eqhelekileyo ukusukela oko kwaqala inkqubo yokuvota e-USA. Nokuba ungumhlali welizwe okanye awukho, usenakho ukubheja kumgqatswa okhuphisanayo kunyulo.
