Wolemba: Hannah Parker
Mabanki apakati padziko lonse lapansi akuyang'ana njira zatsopano zoperekera ndalama za digito, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti ndalama zamabanki apakati (CBDCs). Bank for International Settlements (BIS) idafufuza mabanki apakati 66 mu Januware 2020 ndipo idapeza kuti 80% ikupanga ma CBDC.
Ngakhale zifukwa zopezera ndalama za digito zimasiyana malinga ndi mayiko, mabanki ambiri apakati amakhulupirira kuti zinthu za digitozi zimatha kukonza bwino momwe amalipirira komanso chitetezo (komwe kuli konsekonse komanso kumayiko ena), komanso kukhazikika kwachuma. Mabanki akuyesera kukhala otchipa kwambiri kuti atumikire bwino makasitomala awo, makamaka panthawi yamavuto azachuma kapena mavuto.
Chifukwa chake, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) yakhazikitsa rupee yadijito ngati woyendetsa woyamba wa Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).
Kukula Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Za Digito
China idayamba kuyesa e-CNY m'mizinda ingapo, kuphatikiza Beijing, Shanghai, ndi Shenzhen, mu Epulo 2021. Mu Epulo 2022, banki idakulitsa ntchito yoyeserera kuti iphatikize mizinda isanu ndi umodzi yakum'mawa kwa Zhejiang (kuphatikiza Hangzhou, yomwe ikhala ndi Masewera aku Asia. mu 2023), Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, ndi Xiamen. Kusunthaku kumayesa kulimbikitsa njira zama digito zaku China ndalama za digito za dzikolo zisanavomerezedwe kwambiri.
Taiwan idayamba kufufuza kuthekera kopanga CBDC yake mu Seputembara 2020, ndipo CBT idagwirizana ndi mabanki osachepera asanu aku Taiwan kuti apange njira yolipirira ritelo. CBT idalengeza kumapeto kwa June kuti gawo lachiwiri la pulogalamu yake yoyendetsa ndege lidatsirizidwa, miyezi itatu patsogolo pa nthawi yomwe inkayembekezeredwa mu September. Kupatula kuonetsetsa njira yolipirira yokhazikika komanso kukhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera ntchito ya digito yatsopano ya dollar yaku Taiwan, imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zikubwera ndikulankhulana ndi anthu ndikupeza thandizo lawo, popeza anthu aku Taiwan adazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
European Commission idalengeza mu February 2022 kuti ndalama ya digito ya euro itulutsidwa koyambirira kwa chaka chamawa. Biliyo, malinga ndi Commissioner wa EU Financial Services Mairead McGuinness, imalola European Central Bank (ECB) kuyamba njira zaukadaulo zopangira mtundu wa banki kapena ndalama za Euro. ECB ikuyesa kale mapangidwe ndi machitidwe a euro ya digito, ndi chitsanzo chomwe chiyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa 2023. Ngati abwanamkubwa a Eurozone akukhulupirira kuti "ndizovuta," yuro ya digito ikhoza kukhala yokonzeka ndi 2025.
Kukambirana kwa anthu pakukula kwa yuro ya digito kunatha mu June 2022, ndipo idasonkhanitsa malingaliro okhudzana ndi "kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kupezeka, chindapusa, milingo, ndi mabizinesi ofunikira kuti ateteze bata lazachuma." Malinga ndi zokambiranazi, anthu okhala ku European Union, alendo, ndi omwe akuchita nawo malonda akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yuro ya digito.
Chifukwa chiyani Digital rupee ili bwino
Kutsatira chilengezo cha RBI dzulo kuti woyendetsa wa digito ayamba pa Novembara 1, 2022, mabanki asanu ndi anayi adadziwika kuti akuthandiza pakukhazikitsa, kuphatikiza banki yayikulu kwambiri yaku India, State Bank of India.
Malinga ndi malipoti a Bitcoin 360 AI , njira yoyesera yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama za digito idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa zochitika zina pamsika m'magawo a boma, cholinga cha banki yayikulu ndikupangitsa kuti "msika wapakati pa mabanki mdziko muno ukhale wogwira mtima kwambiri."
Kupatula phindu la gawo la digito pamsika wapakati pamabanki, RBI inanena kuti ndalama za digito zithandizira kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira.
Woyendetsa ndegeyo amathandizidwanso ndi Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of India, HDFC Bank, ndi HSBC, kuphatikiza ndi State Bank of India.
Rupee ya digito idaperekedwa mu February 2021 pakulankhula kwa bajeti yapachaka ndi Nduna ya Zachuma ku India, Nirmala Sitharaman, kuti apatse chuma cha digito mdziko muno "chitukuko chachikulu."
Ma CBDC amaganiziridwa ndi mayiko ambiri azachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Posachedwapa, dziko la United Kingdom lidagwirizana pazitsogozo zatsopano zokhudzana ndi stablecoins, zomwe zingapangitse ndalama zadijito zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha stablecoins 'tethering ku ndalama zomwe zilipo kale.
Sitharaman adanenanso mu February kuti India ikufuna kukhazikitsa msonkho wa 30% pazinthu za digito, ngakhale sizikudziwika ngati izi zitha kugwira ntchito pa digito. Malinga ndi mawu ochokera ku RBI, pulogalamu yoyeserera ya CBDC ikuyembekezeka kuyamba m'malo osankhidwa mkati mwa kotala yomaliza ya 2022.
Asanakhazikitse oyendetsa, banki yadziko la India idafotokoza ndikuganizira zaubwino ndi zovuta za CBDC ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zopezera ndalama za digito.
Ndalama ya digito imatha kusintha momwe anthu amaonera ndalama. Kukwera kwa Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), ndi masauzande a ndalama zina zachinsinsi zomwe zimapezeka mu digito zokha zapangitsa mabanki apakati padziko lonse kufufuza momwe ndalama zamayiko zingagwire ntchito. Pali zambiri zoti zichitike, ndipo kuyika kwamakampani kumafunika, koma ndalamazo zitha kukhala zoyenerera. Pamene mayiko ambiri akulowa mpikisano wa cryptocurrency, tawona kuti palibe amene akudziwa kuti ndani adzatuluka pamwamba pa 2022. Chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika, komabe: zochitika zachuma padziko lonse zikusintha, ndipo ndalama za digito zili pano kuti zikhalepo.
