Manufar alluran rigakafin COVID-19 da ake bayarwa a duk faɗin duniya ita ce ƙarfafa garkuwar jikinmu don samar da martani mai kariya daga cutar coronavirus, musamman ta hanyar samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna yawo a cikin jininmu har sai sun zama dole don kai hari da kawar da cutar coronavirus da sauri daga jikinmu idan muka kamu da cutar. Saurin da al'ummomin kimiyya da na likitanci suka ƙirƙira da gwada waɗannan sabbin alluran rigakafi ya kasance abin mamaki. Duk da haka, saboda wannan saurin, tambayoyi har yanzu suna nan. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan muhimman tambayoyi shine tsawon lokacin da kariyar da muke samu daga allurar rigakafi ko ma daga kamuwa da cutar da kanta za ta daɗe. Mun riga mun san, misali, cewa matakan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna raguwa da sauri bayan kamuwa da cutar covid-19.
Yadda Tsarin rigakafi ke Tunawa
Babban ikon jikinmu don tunawa da gamuwa da suka gabata tare da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamuwa da cuta da kuma riƙe ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a kansu shine saboda yanayin ƙwaƙwalwar rigakafi. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tana zaune ne a cikin farin jinin jini da aka sani da lymphocytes, wanda akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin T guda biyu da ƙwayoyin B. Lokacin da jiki ya fuskanci sabon ƙalubale, sabon kamuwa da cuta ko maganin alurar riga kafi, ana ɗaukar takamaiman ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B don saduwa da shi. Jiki yana kiyaye nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta idan ya ci karo da ƙwayoyin cuta iri ɗaya a nan gaba. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin B ne ke da alhakin sakin ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin jini. Lokacin da kamuwa da cuta ya faru ko kuma lokacin da aka yi mana alurar riga kafi, wasu daga cikin waɗancan ƙwayoyin cuta suna metamorphose zuwa masana'antar samar da rigakafi na musamman, waɗanda aka sani da ƙwayoyin plasma.
Kwayoyin rigakafin sunadaran sunadaran kuma, kamar kowane sunadaran, za su lalace a zahiri kuma su cire daga jiki a cikin 'yan watanni a mafi yawan. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kariyar rigakafi da muke samu ta hanyar wucewa, misali, daga iyayenmu mata a ciki ko ta hanyar nono ba ya daɗe. Don kariya ta dogon lokaci, muna buƙatar samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da kanmu suka samar. Ƙarfin jikinmu don kiyaye matakan antibody bayan kamuwa da cuta ko alurar riga kafi shine sakamakon hanyoyi guda biyu. A farkon matakan, idan ƙwayoyin B ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun gano kamuwa da cuta mai tsayi ko kuma maganin alurar riga kafi, wasu za su ci gaba da rikidewa zuwa sabbin ƙwayoyin plasma masu samar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Da zarar an kawar da kamuwa da cuta ko maganin alurar riga kafi, ƙwayoyin B ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba su sake cika yawan ƙwayoyin plasma, wanda ke raguwa.
Duk da haka, wasu na iya dagewa a matsayin sel na plasma na dogon lokaci waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa shekaru da yawa a cikin bargon ƙashin mu, suna ci gaba da yinwa da fitar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu yawa. Ba koyaushe ake samar da su ba bayan kamuwa da cuta, amma idan sun kasance, ana iya samun ƙwayoyin rigakafin kamuwa da cuta a cikin jini da daɗewa bayan kamuwa da cuta. Ko da yake har yanzu ba mu fahimci wane yanayi na rigakafi ya fi dacewa don samar da LLPC ba, kasancewar waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da alaƙa da wasu shafuka a cikin jiki. Alal misali, ƙungiyar masu bincike a Amurka sun gano cewa LLPCs sun bayyana sun fi son bargon wasu ƙasusuwa fiye da wasu.
Shekaru goma bayan rigakafin tetanus, an sami LLPCs a cikin kasusuwa na femur, humerus, da tibia akai-akai fiye da a cikin haƙarƙari, radius, vertebrae, ko iliac crest. Har yanzu ba a bayyana dalilin da yasa LLPCs suka fi son barro daga waɗannan ƙasusuwan ba. Yiwuwa mai ban sha'awa shine amsar ta ta'allaka ne da bambance-bambance a cikin matakin kitse a cikin kasusuwa.LLCs an gano cewa suna kewaye da adadi mai yawa na kitse ko adipose a cikin kasusuwa da suka fi so. Wannan yana nuna cewa yana iya kasancewa mai abun ciki na kasusuwa wanda ke shafar ikon LLPCs don motsawa zuwa da kuma zama na dogon lokaci a cikin wasu ƙasusuwa.
Amma ko da ba a ƙirƙiri LLPCs ba, wannan baya nufin cewa wani ba zai iya samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin rigakafi don fuskantar barazana ba idan sun sake cin karo da ita a nan gaba. Muddin mutum ya samar da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya B, za su gane barazanar kuma, sake, wasu za su fara canzawa zuwa sababbin ƙwayoyin plasma don fara samar da kwayoyin rigakafi kuma.
Nau'in Alurar kuma Yana Shafar Dorewa
Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa allurar rigakafi ko kamuwa da cuta ba koyaushe ke ba da kariya mai dorewa ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda bambancin mutum ɗaya a cikin martaninmu ga allurar da aka ba mu. Koyaya, halayen alluran kuma sun ƙayyade yanayin amsawa a matakin antibody. Wani bincike ya gano cewa ko da yake mafi yawan adadin mutanen da suka sami maganin tetanus da diphtheria sun samar da rigakafin rigakafi, waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi sun bace da sauri fiye da waɗanda ke haifar da rigakafin cutar kyanda, mumps, ko ƙananan yara. Babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan alluran rigakafin shine cewa tetanus da diphtheria alluran sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓun sunadaran ne kawai (gyaran nau'ikan gubobi waɗanda ke haifar da tetanus da ƙwayoyin diphtheria), yayin da kyanda, mumps, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun ƙunshi nau'ikan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai da raunana.
Wasu mutane ƙila ba za su iya samar da kyakkyawar amsa ga allurar rayuwa ba saboda riga-kafi da aka rigaya zuwa ga maganin da kanta, wanda aka haifar saboda sun riga sun kamu da cutar. Koyaya, waɗanda suka amsa da kyau suna daɗe da riƙe amsoshinsu. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda dagewar rigakafin rayuwa a cikin jiki, wanda ke haifar da maye gurbin ƙwayoyin plasma na ɗan lokaci. alluran rigakafi kuma suna iya zama mafi kyau wajen samar da LLPC. Mun riga mun ga cewa adadin da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ke rushewa bayan kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 na iya bambanta, misali, tsakanin maza da mata.
Yawancin sabbin alluran rigakafin COVID-19 sun dogara ne akan hanyoyin isar da sabbin abubuwa, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta na manzo RNA. A bayyane yake, waɗannan hanyoyin suna da tasiri sosai wajen samar da kariya mai sauri. Amma ya rage a ga yadda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwayoyin B da LLPCs za su kunna don ba da rigakafi mai dorewa.
